Wednesday, July 6, 2016

Locative prepositions!

At (general locative): né
In: nlá
Around, surrounding: dvú
Outside of: fri
Over: vru
Under: jba
Behind: mlu
In front of: shve
Beside:  thmi
Left of: vli
Right of: kse
North of: nro
South of: zdu
East of: gvo
West of: tsi

These are modified by a series of infixes:

To: -in-
From: -ov-
On/touching: -ól-
Toward: -al-
From one end/side to the other (along): -um-

These are inserted just before the vowel: nliná (into), jbova (from under), vrólu (on top of), vlali (toward the left of), gvumo (along the east side of). The infix -um- has special meanings when used with nlá, dvú, and fri. nlumá indicates going through something, thus going "along the inside". frumi means basically "along the outside", like walking along the outside wall of a house, we don't care which one. dvumú means going around something full circle. Adding -n to a preposition makes it behave as a root word: vrunet (top, area above), ksenít (right, sing. adj), frinush (to be outside).

Hopefully all this works and makes sense :-P


Grammatical endings

Nouns:

 "personal""non-personal"
singular -ót -et
plural -ós -es


Adjective: -ít (singular), ís (plural)
Adverb: -ík

Verbs:
Past: -uk, Present: -ut, Future: -up, Neutral: -ush

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These suffixes modify the word to which they are attached; they always come before the grammatical ending:

would: -i, should: -en, must: -er, may (expressing desire): - tends to: -

Pronouns!

I love neat, tidy tables... *dreamy smile*

PersonsNon-persons
SingularPluralSingularPlural
1p  nót  nós  net  nes
2p  vót  vós  vet  ves
3p  kót  kós  ket  kes
general  thót  thós  thet  thes
reflexive  sót  sós  set  ses

Alphabet

written character on the left; IPA transcription on the right.

vowels:
a - /a/
á - /ɑ/
e - /e/
é - /ə/ or /ɛ/
i - /i/
í - /ɪ/
o - /o/
ó - /ɔ/
u - /u/
ú - /ɵ/ or /ʊ/ (tried to determine it from an IPA chart with sound, and couldn't figure out which one sounded more like what I had in mind :-/ )
c - /t͡ʃ/
j - /d͡ʒ/
f - /f/
v - /v/
th - /θ/
dh - /ð/
sh - /ʃ/
zh - /ʒ/
k - /k/
g - /g/
p - /p/
l - /l/
r - /r/
s - /s/
z - /z/
t - /t/
d - /d/
m - /m/
n - /n/

Thursday, November 12, 2015

A few word roots (outdated)

to be (estar) -> est
to be (ser) -> es
[^these are almost definitely going to be changed]
to have -> pos
male -> f'ir'
female -> fes'
to love -> ker'
to cause -> kas'
to become -> p'it
language, speech -> púk
good -> k'út
bad -> p'at'
right (side, direction) -> t'eks
left (side, direction) -> sif'
dog -> t'ak'
cat -> kát
parent -> f'at
to write -> skip'

the English borrowings "kas', k'út, p'at', t'ak', and kát" sound really corny... Probably need an automated program to make words for me - but then I'd have to figure out what combinations of letters are permitted. :-/

Tuesday, November 10, 2015

Grammatical endings (outdated)

Verb endings:

Past: -et'
Present: -eh
Future: -ep'
Unspecified: -ej
Infinitive: -e

Conditional (added after tense ending): -a
Imperative/volitive (added after tense ending): -o

Noun singular: -ét
Noun plural: -és
Adjective: -ik
Adverb: -ik'
Possesive: -if'

Pronouns (outdated)

Pronouns are in two categories: singular and plural. For each singular pronoun, there is a plural counter part.

I, me -> tét
we, us (non-inclusive) -> tés

thou, thee -> f'ét
ye, you -> f'és

he, him -> két
they, them (male) -> kés

she, her -> jét
they, them (female) -> jés

s/he, him/her -> jkét
they, them (people) -> jkés

it -> cét
they, them (things) -> cés

one (someone unspecified) -> hét
they, you (unspecified people, people in general) -> hés

himself, herself, itself, oneself (reflexive singular, third person) -> sét
themselves (reflexive plural, third person) -> sés

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"we" means "me and some other people" and by default does not include the one addressed: if "we" does mean "me and you", it is recommended to specifically say "me (or us) and thee (or you)"  Also, the "thee/you" distinction is just a matter of number, not of respect, poetic register, endearment, etc.

Here, again, all is provisional. The gender-specific pronouns might be dropped; also, the whole list may be changed to make the pronouns more distinct one from another. I mostly just took the Esperanto pronoun list and amended it to make it more symmetrical - that's just something to start from. Also, it is not determined whether animals are properly "jkét/jkés", as they are animate, or "cét/cés", as they aren't people.